Surah Al Fatiha has 7 verses of which consists of twenty-five words,and contains one hundred and thirteen letters and several names of which the following are included;
- Umm Al-Kitab
- As Salah
- Al Fatiha
- Ash-Shifa
Umm Al Kitab
In arabic, many things are referred to as Umm...(mother of...) for instance; Umm Al Qura (Qura-villages) is used to describe Makkah because it is the leader and the grandest of all villages. This indicates to us the stature this Surah has over the Quran.
As Salah
It is refered to as AS Salah as you can not complete a salah (preyer) without it and the prophet further validated this point in a Hadith;
...(Would you like me to teach you a Surah the likes of which nothing has been revealed in the Tawrah, the Injil, the Zabur (Psalms) or the Furqan (the Qur'an)
He said, `Yes, O Messenger of Allah!' The Messenger of Allah said, (I hope that I will not leave through this door until you have learned it.)
He (Ka`b) said, `The Messenger of Allah held my hand while speaking to me. Meanwhile I was slowing down fearing that he might reach the door before he finished his conversation. When we came close to the door, I said: O Messenger of Allah ! What is the Surah that you have promised to teach me'
He said, (What do you read in the prayer.) Ubayy said, `So I recited Umm Al-Qur'an to him.'
He said, (By Him in Whose Hand is my soul! Allah has never revealed in the Tawrah, the Injil, the Zabur or the Furqan a Surah like it. It is the seven repeated verses that I was given.)
Al Fatiha;
Muslim recorded in his Sahih, and An-Nasa'i in his Sunan that:
Ibn `Abbas said, "While Jibril (Gabriel) was with the Messenger of Allah , he heard a noise from above. Jibril lifted his sight to the sky and said, `This is a door in heaven being open, and it has never been opened before now.' An angel descended from that door and came to the Prophet and said, `Receive the glad tidings of two lights that you have been given, which no other Prophet before you was given: the Opening of the Book and the last (three) Ayat of Surat Al-Baqarah. You will not read a letter of them, but will gain its benefit.'''
This is the wording collected by An-Nasa'i (Al-Kubra 5:12) and Muslim recorded similar wording (1:554).
Ash-Shifa;
AS Shifa, meaning 'the cure'. It is also called Ar-Ruqyah (remedy), since in the Sahih, there is the narration of Abu Sa`id telling the the story of the Companion who used Al-Fatihah as a remedy for the tribal chief who was poisoned. Later, the Messenger of Allah said to a Companion;
(How did you know that it is a Ruqyah).
Structure
The formation of this Surah is into two halves between us and Allah. And Allah promices us what we ask for from within this surah, for example did you know;
If he says, 'All praise and thanks be to Allah, the Lord of existence'
Allah says, `My servant has praised Me.' When the servant says
...'The Most Gracious, the Most Merciful'
Allah says;`My servant has glorified Me.'
When he says; 'The Owner of the Day of Recompense'
Allah says; `My servant has glorified Me'
When he says; 'You (alone) we worship, and You (alone) we ask for help'
Allah say;`This is between Me and My servant, and My servant shall acquire what he sought.'
When he says; 'Guide us to the straight path. The way of those on whom You have granted Your grace, not (the way) of those who earned Your anger, nor of those who went astray.'
Allah says;`This is for My servant, and My servant shall acquire what he asked for.'
(all findings understood from)
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Tafsir Ibn Kathir Translation © Dar-us-Salaam Publishing.
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